Global wine production increased modestly in 2025, but volumes remained below the long-term average for a third straight year as vineyards around the world grappled with increasingly erratic weather patterns, according to the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV).
In its preliminary estimates, the OIV placed global wine output at 232 million hectolitres (mhl), marking a 3% increase from 2024, yet still 7% lower than the five-year average.
“If you look at the causes for the lower production of the last three years, the major part is really the climatic variations that we’ve seen across both hemispheres,” OIV Director General John Barker told Reuters. “Some regions have had heat and drought, and then they’ve had torrential rains or unexpected frosts. And the fact that it’s really the third year in a row where we’re seeing these sorts of effects is quite striking.”
Europe Hit Hard, Italy Returns to the Top
In Europe, France posted its smallest grape harvest since 1957, while Spain’s output dropped to a 30-year low due to adverse weather. Italy, however, reclaimed its title as the world’s largest wine producer, with an 8% year-on-year increase in output, supported by more favourable growing conditions.
The United States, ranked fourth globally, is projected to produce 21.7 mhl of wine — up 3% from the previous year but still 9% below the five-year average and well below historical highs.
Southern Hemisphere Sees Partial Recovery
Production in the Southern Hemisphere rebounded 7% after three consecutive annual declines, driven by gains in South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and Brazil, which helped counterbalance weaker harvests in Chile. Despite the rebound, total output across the region remained 5% below average, the OIV said.
Market Balance Amid Weak Demand
The OIV noted that modest global growth could help stabilize inventories amid tepid demand in mature markets, reduced consumption in China, and ongoing uncertainty in global trade flows.
“Low output can be very difficult for individual producers and regions … but from a macroeconomic perspective, it’s a positive, because it really makes sure that production and consumption are more or less aligned,” Barker added.
The organization plans to revise its estimates later this year.
(One hectolitre equals approximately 133 standard bottles of wine.)
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