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  • Rockwood Strategic Extends Strong Performance Record as NAV Climbs and Portfolio Gains Accelerate (RKW)

    Rockwood Strategic Extends Strong Performance Record as NAV Climbs and Portfolio Gains Accelerate (RKW)

    Rockwood Strategic plc (LSE:RKW) delivered another year of strong growth in the 12 months to 31 March 2026, with net asset value increasing to £149.4 million from £96.6 million. The expansion was supported by continued investor demand, which resulted in a 44.5% increase in the company’s share count during the period.

    Long-Term Performance Continues to Outpace Peers

    The investment trust maintained its track record of outperforming the wider market over both three- and five-year periods. Over five years, Rockwood generated a net asset value total return of 97.4%, making it the strongest-performing UK equity investment trust in its peer group over that timeframe.

    The company’s performance has also been recognised across the industry through a number of awards that highlight its distinctive investment approach and long-term results.

    Momentum Builds Following Year-End

    Performance has strengthened further since the financial year-end. By mid-June 2026, net asset value total return had risen by a further 17%, while additional share issuance increased total net assets to approximately £180 million.

    Recent gains have been supported by takeover activity involving portfolio companies Treatt and Van Elle, both of which received acquisition approaches at significant premiums. The portfolio also benefited from strong share price appreciation at Filtronic, contributing to overall returns.

    These developments have reinforced Rockwood’s position as one of the leading UK smaller companies investment trusts, with continued investor interest reflecting growing confidence in opportunities across the UK small-cap market.

    Financial Strength Supports Outlook

    The company’s outlook remains underpinned by a strong balance sheet and positive market momentum. Continued net asset growth and investor demand provide a supportive backdrop for future performance.

    However, some factors continue to temper the investment case, including negative operating and free cash flow metrics as well as fluctuations in revenue trends. Valuation appears relatively attractive based on earnings measures, while recent corporate developments have generally been positive, although ongoing share issuance may create dilution considerations for existing investors.

    More About Rockwood Strategic plc

    Rockwood Strategic plc is a UK-listed investment trust focused on identifying undervalued smaller companies with the potential for significant value creation. Managed by Rockwood Asset Management, the trust takes an active investment approach, seeking opportunities where corporate events, strategic change or direct engagement can help unlock shareholder value.

    The portfolio is primarily invested in UK smaller companies and aims to generate long-term returns by capitalising on overlooked opportunities across the small-cap and AIM markets.

  • GreenRoc Gains EIB Advisory Backing as Amitsoq Project Reaches New Development Milestones (GROC)

    GreenRoc Gains EIB Advisory Backing as Amitsoq Project Reaches New Development Milestones (GROC)

    GreenRoc Strategic Materials (LSE:GROC) has secured advisory assistance from the European Investment Bank’s InvestEU Advisory Hub as it advances plans for its Amitsoq graphite mine and active anode material (AAM) processing project. The support, provided at no cost to the company, is intended to help prepare the project for future financing and investment discussions.

    Advisory Programme Targets Financing Readiness

    Under the mandate, the InvestEU Advisory Hub will assist with a range of activities designed to strengthen the project’s investment case. The work will include market analysis, technical and economic assessments focused on bankability, enhancements to business planning and financial modelling, and support in preparing fundraising materials and investor engagement strategies.

    Management believes the programme will help position Amitsoq more effectively as the company progresses towards larger-scale development and financing.

    Drilling Approval and Test Work Advance Project Development

    GreenRoc has also received approval from the Government of Greenland to proceed with its Phase III drilling campaign at the Amitsoq project, marking another important step in the project’s advancement.

    At the same time, testing has commenced on a 300-kilogram subsample taken from an 18-tonne bulk graphite ore sample. The results are expected to contribute to the ongoing pre-feasibility study and support the optimisation of future processing flowsheets and plant design.

    Active Anode Material Pilot Plant Makes Progress

    Alongside developments at Amitsoq, GreenRoc continues to advance its downstream active anode material strategy. The company’s pilot plant has now processed approximately 700 kilograms of graphite concentrate into spherical graphite, an important material used in lithium-ion battery production.

    The facility has also commissioned advanced in-house analytical equipment, providing additional technical capabilities and supporting product development. These milestones are expected to reduce development risk and strengthen the technical foundation of the project ahead of potential commercial-scale operations.

    Financial and Market Considerations

    As a pre-revenue company, GreenRoc continues to report losses and ongoing cash outflows as it develops its projects. While the balance sheet benefits from relatively low debt levels, the absence of operating revenue remains a key consideration for investors.

    Technical indicators remain weak, with the shares trading below major moving averages and momentum measures remaining negative. Valuation metrics are also difficult to assess given the company’s lack of earnings and absence of dividend payments.

    More About GreenRoc Strategic Materials

    GreenRoc Strategic Materials is an AIM-listed mining development company focused on bringing the Amitsoq graphite project in Greenland into production. The project hosts a high-grade graphite resource and is intended to supply responsibly sourced graphite and active anode materials to battery manufacturers in Europe and North America.

    The company is targeting growing demand from the electric vehicle sector and aims to establish a secure, non-conflict supply chain for critical battery materials, supported by its long-life JORC-compliant resource and ESG-focused development strategy.

  • Hays Streamlines European Operations with Sale of Six Country Businesses (HAS)

    Hays Streamlines European Operations with Sale of Six Country Businesses (HAS)

    Hays plc (LSE:HAS) has continued its strategic restructuring programme after agreeing the sale of its operations in six European markets — the Czech Republic, Denmark, Hungary, Luxembourg, Romania and Sweden — to private equity investor Meraki Capital. The transaction is expected to generate approximately £4 million in net cash proceeds after costs and forms part of the group’s ongoing effort to focus resources on its most significant and profitable markets.

    Portfolio Review Sharpens Focus on Core Markets

    The disposal marks another step in Hays’ strategy to concentrate on 16 priority countries where management believes the company can achieve greater scale, stronger profitability and leading competitive positions.

    The businesses being sold represented a relatively small portion of the wider group, and the transaction is expected to result in a modest non-cash loss during the second half of FY26. Hays is also assessing strategic options for a further seven countries that together generate approximately £85 million in net fees while delivering only break-even profitability, highlighting the group’s determination to improve overall returns and operational efficiency.

    Continued Collaboration with Meraki Capital

    Despite exiting the six markets, Hays will maintain a working relationship with Meraki Capital to help ensure continuity for clients and employees. Existing local management teams are expected to remain in place, supporting a smooth transition of ownership and preserving established customer relationships.

    The latest divestment follows a broader programme of portfolio optimisation that has already included exits from four other countries over the past year. Management believes the restructuring will allow the company to direct greater capital and management attention towards markets offering stronger long-term growth opportunities and higher returns.

    Mixed Fundamentals Shape Outlook

    While the strategic review is designed to improve profitability over time, Hays continues to face challenges in the near term. Technical indicators remain weak, with the shares trading below major moving averages and momentum measures remaining negative.

    The valuation profile also appears stretched, reflected in a high earnings multiple. Operationally, the picture is more balanced, with pressure on revenue and profitability partly offset by improving free cash flow generation.

    More About Hays plc

    Hays plc is a global specialist recruitment and workforce solutions provider, operating across a wide range of industries and professional disciplines. The company connects employers with permanent, temporary and contract talent across numerous international markets.

    The group’s strategy centres on building leading positions in specialist recruitment segments within countries where it can achieve meaningful scale, enabling sustainable growth and long-term value creation.

  • Hargreaves Services Expects Revenue Outperformance as Profit Growth Continues Across Core Businesses (HSP)

    Hargreaves Services Expects Revenue Outperformance as Profit Growth Continues Across Core Businesses (HSP)

    Hargreaves Services (LSE:HSP) expects to deliver revenue ahead of market expectations and profit before tax in line with consensus forecasts for the year ended 31 May 2026, supported by improved profitability across its Services division, Hargreaves Land business and German joint venture HRMS.

    Services Division Benefits from Infrastructure and Energy Demand

    The Services division continued to perform strongly during the year, benefiting from robust activity in connectivity, clean energy and environmental markets. The business also maintained its involvement in major UK infrastructure projects, including HS2 and Sizewell C, while securing its first contract linked to the Lower Thames Crossing development.

    Results were further supported by a £7 million one-off profit arising from the settlement of a mining services contract, providing an additional boost to divisional earnings.

    Land and German Operations Drive Further Profit Growth

    Hargreaves Land is expected to report a significant increase in profitability, aided by the disposal of renewable energy land assets that generated £14 million in net cash proceeds. Additional contributions came from ongoing land sales at the group’s flagship Blindwells development in Scotland.

    Meanwhile, German joint venture HRMS is forecast to deliver higher earnings as economic conditions in Germany stabilise. Performance was supported by consistent trading at its steel waste recycling facility, while development of a zinc recycling plant remains on schedule.

    The group also finished the year with a strong balance sheet. Following a £20 million return to shareholders funded through asset disposals, Hargreaves reported cash balances of £21.6 million at year-end and remained free of borrowings other than lease-related liabilities.

    Positive Fundamentals Support Outlook

    The company’s outlook continues to be underpinned by strong financial performance, characterised by earnings growth, healthy cash generation and limited leverage. Technical indicators also remain supportive, with the share price trading above key moving averages and momentum measures remaining positive.

    Valuation metrics are viewed favourably due to the company’s relatively low earnings multiple and attractive dividend yield. While management’s outlook reflects continued momentum and a commitment to shareholder returns, investors will continue to monitor execution risks associated with land disposals, renewable energy projects and the development of the zinc recycling facility.

    More About Hargreaves Services

    Hargreaves Services plc is a diversified industrial group operating across environmental, infrastructure and property markets in the UK and South East Asia. Through its Services division, the company provides materials handling, logistics, mechanical and electrical contracting services, as well as major earthworks solutions.

    The group also develops brownfield land through Hargreaves Land and operates HRMS, its German joint venture focused on specialist commodity trading and steel waste recycling activities.

  • Guardian Metal Expands Strategic Position with Nevada Water and Land Acquisition Near Tempiute Project (GMET)

    Guardian Metal Expands Strategic Position with Nevada Water and Land Acquisition Near Tempiute Project (GMET)

    Guardian Metal Resources (LSE:GMET) has strengthened its development footprint in Nevada through the acquisition of Lincoln Estates Group LLC, securing 841 acres of mixed-use land together with 2,540 acre-feet of annual water rights located less than 10 miles from its Tempiute Tungsten Project. The US$1.3 million all-cash transaction, completed via the company’s U.S. subsidiary, provides control of key land and water assets in close proximity to a historically significant tungsten-producing district.

    Acquisition Supports Tempiute Development Plans

    The company views the purchase as an important step in reducing development risk at Tempiute as it moves the project forward. The newly acquired assets complement infrastructure remaining from the mine’s previous operating period during the 1980s and are expected to support an accelerated development pathway.

    By securing long-term water access and strategically located land along the same transportation corridor as the project, Guardian Metal has enhanced the foundation for future operations. The move also supports the company’s broader objective of helping establish a reliable domestic tungsten supply chain within the United States, serving both industrial and national security requirements.

    Financial and Market Considerations

    Guardian Metal’s investment case continues to be weighed down by limited revenue generation, widening losses and negative free cash flow trends. However, these factors are partly offset by the company’s debt-free balance sheet and financial flexibility.

    Technical indicators present a mixed picture, with the shares trading above key moving averages while momentum signals, including the MACD, remain less supportive. Valuation metrics are also constrained by ongoing losses and the absence of dividend income.

    More About Guardian Metal Resources

    Guardian Metal Resources is a strategic minerals exploration and development company focused on re-establishing domestic tungsten production in the United States and strengthening the country’s supply of critical defence metals. Its flagship assets include the Pilot Mountain and Tempiute tungsten projects in Nevada, one of the world’s leading mining jurisdictions.

    The company has received support from the U.S. government, including a US$6.2 million investment under the Defense Production Act to fund a pre-feasibility study at Pilot Mountain through its American subsidiary. Guardian Metal further expanded its investor reach in March 2026 with a listing on the NYSE American, adding to its existing London and OTCQB market quotations.

  • Savannah Strengthens Community Partnerships as Barroso Lithium Project Advances Toward Key Milestones (SAV)

    Savannah Strengthens Community Partnerships as Barroso Lithium Project Advances Toward Key Milestones (SAV)

    Savannah Resources (LSE:SAV) is reinforcing its position as a future supplier of battery-grade lithium to Europe as development of the Barroso Lithium Project in northern Portugal continues to progress. The company is advancing what is considered Europe’s largest spodumene lithium deposit while seeking to combine environmental responsibility with meaningful economic benefits for local communities, in line with the objectives of the EU Critical Raw Materials Act.

    Community Engagement and Infrastructure Progress

    In its latest project update, Savannah announced the signing of ten memorandums of understanding with local community and recreational organisations. Under these agreements, participating groups will have representation on a Local Advisory and Monitoring Committee and will be eligible to access up to €500,000 annually in community development funding once mining operations commence.

    The company has also expanded engagement with local businesses to explore potential supply-chain opportunities linked to the project. In addition, Savannah welcomed the start of a public consultation process for a proposed 17-kilometre bypass road. The infrastructure project is intended to reroute mine-related traffic away from Boticas, improve transport connections across the region and support the project’s permitting schedule. An environmental decision on the road proposal is anticipated in early Q4 2026.

    Feasibility Study Remains Key Near-Term Catalyst

    Management indicated that ongoing progress in stakeholder relations and supporting infrastructure is helping to build momentum across the project. Attention is now turning to completion of the definitive feasibility study, which remains a major objective before the end of the year.

    The latest initiatives are designed to strengthen community backing, increase regional economic participation and reinforce Savannah’s long-term social licence to operate as Europe seeks to expand domestic sources of critical battery materials.

    Financial and Market Considerations

    Despite operational progress, the company continues to face financial challenges. Savannah currently generates no revenue and remains loss-making, with ongoing cash outflows weighing on its investment profile. However, the balance sheet benefits from low leverage and a substantial equity base.

    From a market perspective, technical indicators continue to suggest an upward trend, although heavily overbought conditions may increase the likelihood of near-term volatility. Valuation metrics remain limited by negative earnings and the absence of a dividend yield.

    More About Savannah Resources

    Savannah Resources is an AIM-listed mineral development company and the sole owner of the Barroso Lithium Project in northern Portugal. Recognised as a Strategic Project under the EU Critical Raw Materials Act and supported by up to €110 million in Portuguese government funding, Barroso is expected to become a significant source of locally produced lithium for Europe’s battery supply chain. At full capacity, the project could provide enough lithium to support the production of approximately 500,000 electric vehicle battery packs each year while maintaining a focus on responsible and low-impact development.

  • Wall Street Futures Hold Steady as Investors Await Fed Decision and Iran Deal Details: Dow Jones, S&P, Nasdaq

    Wall Street Futures Hold Steady as Investors Await Fed Decision and Iran Deal Details: Dow Jones, S&P, Nasdaq

    Markets Pause Following Recent Surge

    U.S. stock futures traded little changed on Tuesday, indicating a muted start to trading after a powerful three-day rally lifted major benchmarks to fresh highs.

    Investors appear to be taking a more cautious approach after Monday’s record close for the Dow Jones Industrial Average, choosing to assess recent gains before extending positions.

    Peace Agreement Developments Continue to Support Sentiment

    Optimism remains tied to progress toward a formal agreement between the United States and Iran aimed at ending more than three months of conflict.

    While the preliminary framework has been welcomed by financial markets, traders are looking for additional details and confirmation before increasing exposure to risk assets.

    According to reports, the arrangement would prolong the current ceasefire by 60 days, providing an opportunity for negotiations on Iran’s nuclear activities and enriched uranium reserves.

    President Donald Trump stated on Truth Social that the agreement is “now complete” and announced the “toll free opening” of the Strait or Hormuz together with the immediate removal of the U.S. blockade of Iranian ports.

    He later clarified that the strategic waterway would reopen after the agreement is formally signed on Friday.

    Focus Shifts Toward the Federal Reserve

    Attention is also turning toward the Federal Reserve’s latest policy decision.

    Although interest rates are expected to remain unchanged, investors are eager to hear from new Fed Chair Kevin Warsh regarding the future direction of monetary policy.

    “Investors will be looking for clues about how Warsh intends to navigate an economy where inflation remains above target, growth is still resilient and AI-related investment continues to generate strong demand,” said Daniela Hathorn, Senior Market Analyst at Capital.com.

    She added, “The fall in oil prices gives policymakers more flexibility, but underlying inflation pressures have not disappeared.”

    Falling Oil Prices Fuel Market Optimism

    The sharp advance in equities on Monday was partly driven by a significant decline in crude oil prices following news of the U.S.-Iran agreement.

    The Nasdaq climbed 3.1%, the S&P 500 gained 1.7%, and the Dow Jones rose 0.9% to reach a new closing record.

    Lower energy prices have eased fears that inflation could accelerate again and force central banks to maintain restrictive monetary policies for longer.

    “Prior to the deal, investors had become increasingly concerned that higher energy costs would feed into broader inflation pressures and potentially force policymakers into additional tightening,” Hathorn said.

    “The sharp decline in oil prices does not eliminate inflation risks altogether, but it does reduce some of the urgency surrounding them. That is particularly relevant this week as the Federal Reserve meets for the first time under new Chair Kevin Warsh.”

    Industrial Output Edges Higher

    Fresh economic data showed that U.S. industrial production increased modestly in May.

    The Federal Reserve reported a 0.1% rise in output following an upwardly revised 0.9% increase in April.

    The figure came in slightly below economists’ expectations for a 0.2% gain.

    Gold and Technology Shares Outperform

    Gold-related equities were among the strongest performers as bullion prices moved higher.

    The NYSE Arca Gold Bugs Index jumped 6.2%, while the Philadelphia Semiconductor Index surged 5.5%.

    Technology, retail, airline and computer hardware stocks also posted notable gains, whereas energy shares lagged due to the continued decline in oil prices.

  • European Stocks Advance as Lower Oil Prices Support Market Sentiment: DAX, CAC, FTSE100

    European Stocks Advance as Lower Oil Prices Support Market Sentiment: DAX, CAC, FTSE100

    Equities Gain Ground as Inflation Concerns Ease

    European stock markets traded higher on Tuesday, supported by a continued decline in oil prices that helped ease concerns over inflation and the potential path of global interest rates.

    Brent crude remained close to $82 per barrel after reports suggested that U.S. President Trump could unveil details of a preliminary agreement aimed at ending the conflict with Iran ahead of Friday.

    While the exact provisions of the agreement have yet to be disclosed, Trump indicated that the Strait of Hormuz could reopen as early as Friday, raising expectations of improved energy flows and lower supply risks.

    Central Bank Meetings Remain in Focus

    Investors also kept a close eye on upcoming policy announcements from the U.S. Federal Reserve and the Bank of England, both of which are expected to provide fresh guidance on monetary policy.

    The prospect of lower energy costs has helped reduce pressure on central banks, although markets remain alert to any signals regarding future interest-rate decisions.

    Major European Indices Move Higher

    Among the region’s leading benchmarks, France’s CAC 40 advanced 0.8%, while the UK’s FTSE 100 gained 0.6%.

    Germany’s DAX also moved higher, rising 0.5% as investors welcomed improving risk sentiment across global markets.

    UniCredit and Commerzbank Extend Gains

    Banking stocks attracted attention after Germany formally rejected UniCredit’s (BIT:UCG) attempt to acquire a stake in Commerzbank (TG:CBK).

    Despite the setback to the proposed transaction, shares of both lenders moved higher during trading as investors assessed the implications of the government’s decision.

    Saab Jumps on French Defence Contract

    Swedish defence and aerospace group Saab (BIT:1SAAB) posted strong gains after securing a contract from France’s defence procurement agency for its anti-tank weapons systems.

    The agreement adds to Saab’s growing order book amid increasing defence spending across Europe.

    Hilton Food and STMicroelectronics Under Pressure

    In London, Hilton Food (LSE:HFG) declined after confirming that Mark Allen will assume the role of group chief executive from July 1.

    Meanwhile, STMicroelectronics (BIT:STMMI) (EU:STMPA) fell after announcing plans to issue $1.5 billion of convertible bonds and redeem $750 million of outstanding convertible notes due in 2027 ahead of maturity.

  • Gold Moves Higher as Investors Monitor Iran Peace Framework and Central Bank Policy Decisions

    Gold Moves Higher as Investors Monitor Iran Peace Framework and Central Bank Policy Decisions

    Precious Metal Gains Amid Falling Oil Prices

    Gold prices traded modestly higher on Tuesday as markets continued to assess the implications of the provisional U.S.-Iran peace agreement and its potential impact on global inflation.

    Spot gold rose 0.9% to $4,345.72 per ounce, while gold futures added 0.3% to $4,366.25 per ounce.

    The move followed a strong rally in the previous session, when bullion climbed more than 2% after Washington and Tehran announced a preliminary deal aimed at ending hostilities and reopening the Strait of Hormuz.

    Lower Crude Prices Help Ease Inflation Pressures

    The prospect of renewed energy shipments through the Strait of Hormuz has pushed oil prices lower, helping to reduce concerns about a prolonged energy-driven inflation shock.

    With crude retreating, investors have become less worried that central banks will be forced to maintain restrictive monetary policies for longer.

    Because gold does not offer a yield, expectations for interest rates remain one of the key drivers of demand for the metal.

    Dollar Softens as Risk Appetite Improves

    Improved market sentiment also weighed on the U.S. dollar.

    Throughout the Middle East conflict, the greenback attracted safe-haven demand, supported by the view that the United States would be less vulnerable to higher oil prices due to its position as a major energy exporter.

    Although the dollar eased slightly on Tuesday, ING analysts argued that the currency’s broader fundamentals remain supportive.

    “The first 36 hours of trading after the US-Iran deal point to a structurally stronger dollar than a few weeks ago. Nearly all weekend losses have already been reversed despite a sharp drop in oil, signaling that FX markets are shifting focus away from crude and back to central banks,” ING said in a research note.

    Markets Await Signals From the Federal Reserve

    Attention is now turning to Wednesday’s Federal Reserve policy announcement.

    While economists broadly expect policymakers to leave interest rates unchanged, investors will be closely watching remarks from Fed Chair Kevin Warsh following the decision.

    ING said the upcoming Fed meeting is “firmly in focus” as traders look for clues about the future path of U.S. monetary policy.

    Bank of Japan and RBA Also in the Spotlight

    Elsewhere, central bank developments continued to influence market sentiment.

    The Bank of Japan raised its benchmark interest rate by 25 basis points to 1.0%, its highest level in more than three decades, as policymakers seek to contain inflation and continue normalizing policy settings.

    Meanwhile, the Reserve Bank of Australia left its benchmark rate unchanged at 4.35%, following three consecutive increases.

  • UK Defence Shares Advance on Expectations of Higher Military Spending

    UK Defence Shares Advance on Expectations of Higher Military Spending

    Shares of BAE Systems (LSE:BA.), Rolls-Royce (LSE:RR.) and Babcock International (LSE:BAB) moved higher on Tuesday, climbing between 2% and 2.5% as investors positioned for increased UK defence expenditure and stronger long-term demand across the sector.

    The gains reflected growing expectations that government spending on military capabilities will continue to rise amid an increasingly uncertain geopolitical environment.

    Defence Budget Review in Focus

    Market attention has turned to Defence Secretary Dan Jarvis, who is expected to reassess the government’s defence investment strategy and may seek additional resources from the Treasury.

    Jarvis took over the role following the resignation of John Healey last week. Healey stepped down after rejecting a proposed funding package, arguing that it would leave the UK’s armed forces without sufficient resources to meet future requirements.

    The former defence secretary opposed a £13.5 billion funding proposal designed to address an estimated £18 billion gap in financing for major military programmes.

    Government Signals Further Spending Increases

    Investor sentiment was further supported by comments from Chancellor Rachel Reeves, who said there would be “a further big uplift in defence spending” as part of the government’s long-term investment plans.

    Prime Minister Keir Starmer has also committed to increasing defence spending to 3% of gross domestic product during the next parliamentary term, with the objective of reaching that level by the end of 2034.

    The pledge is expected to underpin future contract opportunities for leading defence contractors, many of which already have extensive multi-year order books.

    Geopolitical Risks Support Sector Outlook

    Defence stocks also benefited from heightened geopolitical tensions ahead of the G7 leaders’ summit in France, where security concerns involving Russia and Iran are expected to feature prominently on the agenda.

    The conflict involving Iran has now entered its fourth month, while tensions with Russia remain elevated following the seizure of a Russia-linked oil tanker by Britain’s Royal Marines in the English Channel over the weekend.

    Starmer is expected to use the summit to advocate for tougher sanctions against Russia and additional military and energy assistance for Ukraine.

    Defence Remains a Strong Performer Across Europe

    The defence industry has been one of the standout sectors in UK equity markets in recent years, supported by a broad revaluation as Western governments increase military budgets in response to evolving security challenges linked to Russia, China and other geopolitical threats.

    The trend extends across Europe, where defence spending continues to rise sharply. Industry estimates suggest that total European Union defence expenditure will exceed €392 billion this year, compared with €221 billion in 2021.

    The sustained increase in military investment is expected to provide a favourable backdrop for defence companies across the continent, supporting long-term growth prospects for equipment manufacturers, engineering groups and military service providers.