The U.S. dollar showed a modest gain on Tuesday, though overall currency market activity remained muted as traders awaited clearer indications on trade negotiations ahead of the looming August 1 deadline. This deadline threatens hefty tariffs on U.S. trading partners that have yet to finalize agreements.
The Japanese yen largely retained its previous session’s gains following Japan’s weekend upper house elections, which unfolded as expected. Market attention now turns to how swiftly Tokyo might secure a trade deal with Washington and the political future of Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba.
With just over a week remaining before the tariff deadline, U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent emphasized Monday that the administration prioritizes the quality of trade agreements over rushing their completion. When asked if the deadline might be extended for countries making good progress, Bessent deferred the decision to President Donald Trump.
This uncertainty surrounding the final form and extent of tariffs continues to weigh heavily on forex markets, keeping major currencies confined within narrow ranges—even as U.S. stock indices hit new highs.
“Nothing that happens on August 1 is necessarily permanent, so long as the U.S. administration remains willing to talk, as was indicated in Trump’s letters from two weeks ago,” said Thierry Wizman, global FX and rates strategist at Macquarie Group.
The euro slipped slightly to $1.1692 as investors await this week’s European Central Bank meeting, which is widely expected to leave eurozone interest rates unchanged.
Efforts to forge a deal between the European Union—facing a potential 30% tariff from August 1—and the U.S. remain stalled. EU diplomats revealed on Monday they are considering a broader set of countermeasures given dimming hopes for an agreement.
“The Trump administration has shown little tolerance for retaliatory measures, and there is a risk this could spiral (even if temporarily) into a tit-for-tat tariff escalation. The euro’s ability to maintain preference over the dollar amid tariff tensions will depend on the extent of any escalation and whether the EU emerges as a relative loser while other countries secure significant deals with the U.S.”
In a separate development, the ECB reported Tuesday that loan demand among eurozone companies improved in the last quarter and is expected to rise further, despite the cloud of tariff threats and geopolitical risks.
Against a basket of currencies, the dollar edged up 0.1% to 97.91 after dropping 0.6% on Monday.
Investor concerns also lingered over the Federal Reserve’s independence, as President Trump has repeatedly criticized Fed Chair Jerome Powell and called for his resignation due to the central bank’s reluctance to lower interest rates.
“Our base case remains that solid U.S. data and a tariff- driven rebound in inflation will keep the FOMC on hold into 2026, and that the resulting shift in interest rate differentials will drive a continued rebound in the dollar in the next few months,” said Jonas Goltermann, deputy chief markets economist at Capital Economics. “But that view is clearly at the mercy of the White House’s whims.”
The yen remained a focal point, trading slightly lower at 147.64 on Tuesday after climbing 1% Monday post-election and holiday.
The initial relief for the yen that the ruling coalition did not lose even more seats and that Prime Minister Ishiba plans to hang on to power is likely to prove short-lived,” said Lee Hardman, senior currency analyst at MUFG. “The pick-up in political uncertainty in Japan could complicate reaching a timely trade deal with the U.S., posing downside risks for Japan’s economy and the yen.”
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